For those who may choose to not see the lights may be left searching for answers. So let us bathe ourselves on in light of these priceless words said by the masters. To keep things simple, we are only listing the most important ones for our readers.

Investor behaviour has been a subject of deep study with many authors and finance experts reflecting their opinions on it. As is most commonly seen, investor behaviour often deviates from rational and reason. The individual personality traits matter a lot while decision making, often complicating them. The personality is subject to influences, ego and emotions like impatience, fear, greed and hope.

These factors often cloud the facts for decisions which end up being judgmental and biased resulting into wrong decisions. This famous statement by Graham rightly highlights this point.

There is another way at looking at this. As smart investors, we should look to allocated most money to the best ideas or assets that have potential to deliver the highest. At the same time, we should also ensure that our mistakes are not so costly that they harm our wealth noticeably. It is also a pointer to how most of us view and manage our portfolio which are often heavily skewed in favour of fixed income /debt products /physical assets, etc. even though our risk profile may permit a far more balanced asset allocation.

Most of us have a small exposure to equities when we consider our total portfolio but still are most worried about it on a daily basis. Given this mindset, in the context of the quote, we must question ourselves: what are the “costs” and “profits” of what we are doing with our overall portfolio? We should stop worrying about a small portion of our wealth in say equities and instead look at the big picture. Let us focus on diluting those debt products for short term needs and lets give adequate time to equities to give compounded returns in long term. The sooner we reflect upon George's wisdom in our lives, the better will it be for our own wealth creation goal.

Warren had the skill of telling the most important things in the most simple way. This quote and many others similar, shows Warren's belief that that wealth creation was not a forte for the intelligent but for the disciplined. Anyone of us can be wealthy in our lives and it can be done provided we do few important things in our lives and not do the wrong things. This is clearly in reference to how investors approach their wealth /portfolio management wherein we try to time the markets not realising that it is staying invested for long term that really helps create wealth. If we add all the costs of all the wrong decisions, market timings, etc. done in past by us, put together, they would most likely amount to lots of lost wealth.

The important principles of starting early, investing regularly and right asset class ('equities') ought to be highlighted here. These are the right things that we all should aim for. We need not be scientists or finance experts or even literate to follow these principles to be truly wealthy.

Much success can be attributed to inactivity. Most investors cannot resist the temptation to constantly buy and sell.
- Warren Buffet

You won't mind us quoting Warren here again. It is probably one of the greatest mysterious wherein on one hand almost all investors idolise Warren but on the other hand, most of us do not truly follow his wisdom and advice. One of the most often quoted advice /wisdom from Warren is about how we can really create wealth in long term. It is about buying into good businesses and holding them for a very long term without worrying about what happens tomorrow. The above quote clearly reflects how most of us are often worried about short term movements while the true need of the hour is to keep invested for the long term and being passive. Investors have to believe that, if they are investing for long term for say 7-10+ years, short term movements do not really matter. “Stop trying to predict the direction of the stock market, the economy or elections” he says while attributing patience and long term holdings as among the most important factors behind his success.

In brief..
Keeping in mind the spirit of this article, we have only given only four essential quotes though we could have easily added a few more. The idea was to keep the focus on the essential part and not flirt with other less important things. The wisdom from the above quotes focusses on the key essentials – managing investor behaviour, looking at the bigger picture, doing the right things and then having patience to let investments deliver. Out together, these ideas take form as the basic principles, a guiding light on path to becoming rich. And there is really nothing more that we should add to it.

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Your salary provides you the mechanism to meet your everyday needs, and any surplus is your saving which provide a means to meet your future needs.

It is a general opinion that people who earn more are rich today and will have a richer and brighter tomorrow. Not necessary. Because if that was the case, Vijay Mallya wouldn't be where he is today. There are cases of so many rich people in India and around the globe, who eventually filed for insolvency in the past. All thanks to mismanagement of money. Many people are making enormous money, but how many of them die a multimillionaire. Not many. Because they might be getting a lavish paycheck, but matched by an equally lavish lifestyle, and before realizing that entire money is gone in a flash. A salary with a large number of zeros at the end won't make you wealthy, how well you treat your salary certainly does.

• You don't have to spend all your salary: After ploughing through for a full month 10-7 each day, you get your salary, you feel you slogged for it and you deserve to spend it the way you want to. You do deserve the money, no second thoughts, but spending do need some serious consideration. You have to save a fraction of your income to ensure that you don't run out of money when there is none coming. This fraction determines your spending and not the other way round, meaning, if you get a salary of Rs 40,000, you spend Rs 35,000, Rs 5,000 is your saving, next month you spend Rs 39,000, your saving is Rs 1,000, some month you'll spend the entire 40, another month you'll spend 44, the extra 4 is on your credit card. Can you feel the clutter? It is because this is not how it works. So let's unclutter it a bit, your salary is fixed, Rs 40,000, let's fix your savings too at Rs 15,000. So each month salary 40,000, saving 15,000, spending you have to manage within 25,000. This Rs 15,000 each month, put in the right direction will make you wealthy in the long run.

• The salary shouldn't be lying in your salary account: Dear Customer, your account is credited with Rs XXXXX on 1-Jul-17, salary for the month of June 2017. You spend from this account over the month, there is some surplus in the account, then again next month you get the same message, and this continues, month over month and year over year. Many salaried people have lakhs of rupees resting @ 4% in their saving accounts from the money thus accumulated. Your savings are dying a slow death this way, when they have the potential to grow at double or triple this number, so why are they not exploring better options, why are they not living to the fullest?

• Save Tax: Paying tax pinches, because a substantial chunk of your salary, you have to give to the government. And the irony is, taxes are directly proportional to your income, the higher the salary, the higher the tax. You are earning to live your dreams and not to pay 30% as tax. If you can alleviate your tax liability (legally), so why not. Therefore, your investment list must have tax saving at the top. Investing in tax savers will increase your net income as well as will get you a decent return on your investment. When you invest Rs 1.5 Lacs in a tax saving instrument, you save Rs 45,000 (taxes saved assuming 30% slab) + 12,000 (Return from your investment, assuming 8% fixed return), a total of Rs. 57,000.

• A salary increase = A savings increase: The general reflex action to a pay raise is we fall prey to the consumption instinct. When your salary increases, the need to splurge increase, a wage hike proportionately increases the standard of living. And a dominant part of the additional expenditure is on stuff that we can easily do without. Ideally, when your income increases, your saving & investment must also increase in a similar proportion. This will make sure that your investments are able to catch up with your escalated lifestyle.

The above thought-points form the protocol for a productive management of your salary, and if followed religiously can create magic. Money management has to be pursued at all times, irrespective of which end of the hierarchy you are at, the bottom most or the topmost, because building wealth is a lifetime goal.

“Your salary gives you a start, the end is a wealthy you.”

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Many research reports and survey came out with the facts that still there is huge amount of money get invested into Fixed Deposits. figures presented in all such reports testify the fact that whenever we want to invest for a long term, fixed deposits are our favorite option.

Why do we invest in FDs?

Better Interest rates: Since fixed deposits offer better rate of returns than saving accounts, we prefer investing in the former. Safe: We invest in fixed deposits in banks because we believe it is the safest investment option and other avenues carry a greater degree of risk than Fds. Traditional: We invest in Fixed Deposits because it is tried and tested. Our parents, relatives, friends, practically everyone, invests in Fixed Deposits. 'So even I must have one' is the logic behind the investment.

Did you know?

There are some interesting facts about fixed deposits which are often overlooked:

TDS is deducted from the maturity value if the total interest from your accounts including the FD account exceeds R10,000. If you are falling under a 20% or a 30% slab, then too the TDS will be deducted @ 10% and you will have to pay the remaining as a self assessment tax. Most people realize this at the time of

filing the returns, which is mostly the last date, since this TDS reflects in your account on the income tax website. You can however submit form 15G/15 H to the bank, but then again it needs to be deposited every year.

Interest rates are falling and are expected to fall further with easing inflation. Currently, the interest rates are in the 7-7.5% range for a five year FD in banks. If you check the rates 15 years back, this rate is much lower now and the trend is likely to continue.

Are there any other options ??

BONDS are another great option to invest your money. Bonds are issued by banks or public sector entities. Bonds are offered for a fixed tenure by the issuer at a fixed rate of interest. You can either buy the bonds at the time of their issue or from Secondary market where they are traded after the issue.

Credit Rating

Bonds are analyzed by credit rating agencies like ICRA, CRISIL, etc., for their credibility and they give them credit ratings. The ratings are like AAA, AAA+, AAA-, AA, BB, BBB, etc. and each rating represent varied levels of safety with regard to payments of interest and principal. The better the rating, the lesser the risk. So the investor must always look for bonds with good ratings.

Tenure

You must also consider the tenure of the bond, it should be in line with your investment horizon. Though, there is an option of secondary market trade, but there is always an interest rate risk if you encash it before maturity. So, if you are heading towards the bank for investing in a fixed deposit, change your direction to Bond, which bears all features of the former with added advantages of higher income and less complications.

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